Mathematician discovers conditions for stabilization of higher-order differential inequalities | Mathematics - Phys.Org

A RUDN University mathematician (Russia) and a colleague have determined the conditions for stabilization of differential inequalities that have a high order, as Phys.Org reports.

Photo: RUDN University

This result will allow mathematicians to obtain restrictions on the solutions of equations that describe some physical processes, such as diffusion processes and convection processes. The paper is published in the journal Asymptotic Analysis.

Interest in differential inequalities arises from a large number of mathematical modeling problems in natural science, as well as in solving technical and physical problems. It is often necessary to define several functions related to several differential inequalities. It is necessary to have the same number of inequalities to do this. If each of these inequalities is differential, that is, has the form of a relation connecting unknown functions and their derivatives, this is a system of differential inequalities. Systems of differential inequalities describe real physical processes with a certain degree of accuracy (for example, devices that record physical phenomena are not perfect and have some errors). It may turn out that a small error in the initial data causes significant changes in the solution of the inequality. Therefore, it is important to set limits on the solutions of differential equations.

Andrey Shishkov from S.M. Nikol'skii Mathematical Institute of RUDN University and Andrej Kon'kov from Moscow State University obtained the result, which generalizes the classical Keller-Osserman condition for differential equations...

The questions were previously studied mainly for second-order differential operators, and the case of higher-order operators is much less studied. Mathematicians researched higher-order differential inequalities and obtained sufficient stabilization conditions for so-called weak solutions of differential inequalities. 
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Additional resources  
Andrej Kon'kov et al. On stabilization of solutions of higher order evolution inequalities, Asymptotic Analysis (2019).  
DOI: 10.3233/ASY-191522

Source: Phys.Org

Scientists and mathematicians to be given fast-tracked entry to UK from February | ITV Report - ITV News

Top scientists, researchers and mathematicians will be given fast-tracked entry to the UK from next month, the Prime Minister has announced, continues ITV News.

Applicants will not need a job offer before arriving in the UK under the visa
Photo: PA

Boris Johnson said he wanted to send a message that Britain is open to the “most talented minds in the world” as the country leaves the European Union.

The “Global Talent” visa route – to be opened on February 20 – will not be capped...

And Professor Julia Buckingham, president of Universities UK, said the visa is a “positive step towards” making the UK a “magnet” for global science and research talent.

She added: “The visa route will help to ensure that universities can attract the brightest scientists and researchers to the UK with minimal barriers.”
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Source: ITV News

The Growing Need for Data Scientists | Infographics - The Merkle Hash

In just one-year job listings for “data scientist” increased by an incredible 15,000% between 2011 and 2012 by Brian Wallace, The Merkle Hash. 

Photo: The Merkle Hash

The need for data scientists is expected to continue to grow as more and more data is created each day. In 2013 IBM reported that between 2011-2013 90% of the world’s data had been created just in the two years prior to that. And now it is estimated that in the next 5 years 175 billion terabytes of data will be created every day. By 2020 there will be over 2.7 million data scientist job openings to take on this massive growth. 

Data science is a continually growing field and anyone can become a data scientist. According to Dr. Jenn Gamble, Director at Noodle.ai: 
“You don’t necessarily need a Ph.D. to do data science – you need an aptitude for math and a creative, problem-solving mentality.”...

Data scientists and powerful tech are essential to today’s growing data. The most popular jobs in this field today are data engineers, software engineers, and AI hardware specialists. Someone in these roles will be able to not only build AI software, create new tech but also virtually change the world. To learn more about the history, people, and tech behind data science read on to the infographic below.
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Source: The Merkle Hash

Anomaly Detection: When Old Statistics School May Still Beat Super-Duper Machine Learning | Physical Sciences - Science 2.0

Photo: Tommaso Dorigo

One of the most suprising results of the "Machine Learning for Jets" (but really, for particle physics in general) workshop I attended in New York City two weeks ago was the outcome of a challenge that the organizers had proposed to the participants: find a hidden signal of some new physics process in a dataset otherwise made up of some physics background, when no information on the new physics was given, nor on the model of the background, explains Tommaso Dorigo, experimental particle physicist, who works for the INFN at the University of Padova. 

The problem is called, in statistical terms, as one of anomaly detection. In other words, you have an otherwise homogeneous dataset (with many different features per each event -okay, per each "example" if you are a statistician-, which may or may not be contaminated by some small extraneous events, drawn from a different multi-dimensional probability density function...

In statistics there is a lemma, the Neyman-Pearsons lemma, which explains that for "simple" hypothesis testing (when e.g. you want to compare the "null" hypothesis that your data is only drawn from a background distribution, to a "alternative" hypothesis that e.g. the data contains both background and a specified signal) the most powerful test statistic is the likelihood ratio of the two densities (describing signal and background). No machine learning or god-given algorithm can do better than that. On the other hand, if you do NOT know the density of signal then the alternative hypothesis is unspecified. This creates the situation that no test statistic may ever claim to be more powerful in distinguishing the null and alternative hypothesis, as the power of any given test statistic will depend on the unknown features of the signal. In other words, it does not matter how fast you run if you don't know where you are going.

So, the win of a basic statistical learning tool over complex deep learning tools should not surprise you.
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Additional resources
Machine Learning For Jets: A Workshop In New York by Tommaso Dorigo, experimental particle physicist, who works for the INFN at the University of Padova.

Source: Science 2.0 

Wharton to continue actuarial science concentration for 3 years following student backlash | Academics - The Daily Pennsylvanian

Jason Yan, Staff - The Daily Pennsylvanian reports now, Although the actuarial science concentration was removed from Wharton's web homepage late last semester, the program is now expected to continue for three more years.  
 

Students expressed concerns when the actuarial science concentration was removed last semester.  
Photo: Kylie Cooper

Although the actuarial science concentration was removed from Wharton's homepage late last semester, Penn will continue to offer the program after students expressed concerns to administrators. 

The concentration was originally removed from the website in November 2019 because of the planned retirement of Jean Lemaire, director of the actuarial science program and the only faculty member currently involved in the program. However, Wharton Deputy Dean Michael Gibbons wrote in an email to The Daily Pennsylvanian that Lemaire will continue to serve as an academic advisor for the actuarial science concentration and the program is expected to continue for three more years. 

Gibbons wrote that Wharton plans to offer two of the three classes Lemaire taught as part of the actuarial science concentration. Lemaire said though he will no longer teach, he has found a replacement he hopes will be confirmed by Wharton soon...

“[Actuarial science] declined nationally because of competition from other statistic specialties like big data and data science,” Lemaire said.

Actuarial science involves compiling and analyzing statistics to calculate risks in insurance and finance. The profession applies mathematics to model uncertainty and evaluates the probability and financial consequences of future events...

To become an actuary in the United States, students are required to take up to ten exams administered by either the Society of Actuaries or the Casualty Actuarial Society depending on the actuarial specialty.
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Source: The Daily Pennsylvanian

Meet the indy N.J. bookstore that was just named one of the best in the U.S. | Essex - NJ.com

This N.J. bookstore is in the running to be named the best in the country, inform Barry Carter, columnist at The Star-Ledger.

[words] Bookstore in Maplewood has been selected as one of five finalists for Publishers Weekly Bookstore of the Year award.
Photo: Jonah Zimiles

Whoopi Goldberg has been to [words] Bookstore in Maplewood.

Author events for Govs. Mario Cuomo and Tom Kean have brought them there, too. Can’t forget NBA legends Earl Monroe and Bernard King and authors Harlan Coben and Zadie Smith.

Now, [words] has caught the attention of  Publishers Weekly. The book company selected [words] as one of five finalists for Bookstore of the Year during the Winter Institute, an annual meeting of the American Booksellers’ Association that was held Thursday in Baltimore...

“The bookstores who reached the finals for this year’s awards represent a broad spectrum of general independent booksellers across the country that have weathered the changes that have roiled retailing in general and bookselling in particular,” said Jim Milliot, the editorial director of Publishers Weekly. “I find it heartening that year after year we find so many strong contenders for the Bookstore of the Year Award.”

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Source: NJ.com 

York’s renowned ‘anti-bookshop’ is to be turned into a house | Business - YorkMix

One of Britain’s most idiosyncratic bookshops is set to become a house by YorkMix.  

The window of Stone Trough books.
Photo: Rachel Rogers

Stone Trough Books on Walmgate was run for more than 30 years by George Ramsden, a true character even among the notoriously eccentric world of booksellers.

More a collector and cataloguer of books than a shopkeeper, he was renowned for reconstructing the library of famous US novelist Edith Wharton.
And he was very honest about his abilities as a salesman. “Things tend to go better if I walk away from the customer,” he once said...

The shop recently achieved fame as one of the locations in film Mad To Be Normal. David Tennant, playing psychiatrist RD Laing, shot a scene signing books in Stone Trough.
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Source: YorkMix

Translator of 'No Friend but the Mountains' to visit Detroit's Pages Bookshop | Arts & Culture - Detroit Metro Times

In 2013, Kurdish journalist Behrouz Boochani fled Iran to seek asylum on Australia’s Christmas Island, where he was illegally detained at a detention center on Manus Island in Papua New Guinea by Jerilyn Jordan, Detroit Metro Times.

Photo: Courtesy of Pages Bookshop

During his four-year detainment (he would be forced to remain on the island until 2019, ever after the center closed in 2016), Boochani documented the inhumane treatment and torture of asylum seekers under the neglect of the Australian government by using WhatsApp.
The texts were then sent to Moones Mansoubi, who reformatted them as PDFs to be translated from Farsi to English by translator Omid Tofighian, resulting in Boochani’s award-winning 2018 memoir, No Friend but the Mountains... 

Event begins at 6 p.m. on Friday, Jan. 24, at Pages Bookshop; 19560 Grand River Ave., Detroit; 313-473-7342; pagesbkshop.com. Event is free.
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Source: Detroit Metro Times

Sunday Reading: Critics on the Classics | Books & Culture - The New Yorker

From The New Yorker’s archive: original reviews of literary masterworks as they made their first impressions on the world, recommends Erin Overbey, the archive editor of newyorker.com.

Photo: Glenn Harper / Alamy

“ ‘Nineteen Eighty-Four’ is a profound, terrifying, and wholly fascinating book.” That was how the critic Lionel Trilling characterized George Orwell’s classic dystopian tale when it was originally published, in 1949. With the passage of time, even the most groundbreaking works of literature can grow familiar. One way to recapture our sense of wonder is to look back at the first impressions these books made on the world. 
This week, we’re bringing you a selection of original reviews of classic literature. 
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Source: The New Yorker

Introducing our 10 best debut novelists of 2020 | Books - The Guardian

All first-time authors dream of becoming bestsellers by The Guardian.

From left: Jessica Moor, Paul Mendez (top), Elaine Feeney, Abi Daré (top), Beth Morrey, Stephanie Scott, Naoise Dolan (top), Douglas Stuart, Deepa Anappara, Louise Hare.

 
The Observer’s past picks have included Sally Rooney and Jessie Burton – who among this year’s crop will make it big?

Spring is a time for new beginnings in the books world, especially when it comes to fiction – not so much for established authors, who tend to unveil their new work in the autumn, as for fiction debutants hoping to become the next Sally Rooney or Jessie Burton.
 
For the seventh year running the Observer New Review has chosen a select group of first-time British novelists we believe will make their mark. Our selection procedure was rigorous, with all eligible novels being scrutinised for readability and literary merit by a handful of editors on the New Review. And the class of 2020 looks particularly promising. Among those who made the grade were a poet, a journalist, a former teacher and an actor. The subjects they take on range from modern love in Hong Kong, child kidnapping in India and the Japanese marriage breakup industry to life inside Glasgow’s gangland and murder in a women’s refuge.

What makes us so sure these new writers will stand out from the crowd? 
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Source: The Guardian